sigmoid_focal_loss¶
Focal Loss 被提出用于解决计算机视觉任务中前景-背景不平衡的问题。该OP先计算输入x中每个元素的sigmoid值，然后计算sigmoid值与类别目标值label之间的Focal Loss。
Focal Loss的计算过程如下：
\[\begin{split}\mathop{loss_{i,\,j}}\limits_{i\in\mathbb{[0,\,N-1]},\,j\in\mathbb{[0,\,C-1]}}=\left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} - \frac{1}{fg\_num} * \alpha * {(1 - \sigma(x_{i,\,j}))}^{\gamma} * \log(\sigma(x_{i,\,j})) & & {(j +1) = label_{i,\,0}}\\ - \frac{1}{fg\_num} * (1 - \alpha) * {\sigma(x_{i,\,j})}^{ \gamma} * \log(1 - \sigma(x_{i,\,j})) & & {(j +1)!= label_{i,\,0}} \end{array} \right.\end{split}\]
其中，已知：
\[\sigma(x_{i,\,j}) = \frac{1}{1 + \exp(-x_{i,\,j})}\]
参数¶
x (Variable) – 维度为 \([N, C]\) 的2-D Tensor，表示全部样本的分类预测值。其中，第一维N是批量内参与训练的样本数量，例如在目标检测中，样本为框级别，N为批量内所有图像的正负样本的数量总和；在图像分类中，样本为图像级别，N为批量内的图像数量总和。第二维 \(C\) 是类别数量（ 不包括背景类 ）。数据类型为float32或float64。
label (Variable) – 维度为 \([N, 1]\) 的2-D Tensor，表示全部样本的分类目标值。其中，第一维N是批量内参与训练的样本数量，第二维1表示每个样本只有一个类别目标值。正样本的目标类别值的取值范围是 \([1, C]\)，负样本的目标类别值是0。数据类型为int32。
fg_num (Variable) – 维度为 \([1]\) 的1-D Tensor，表示批量内正样本的数量，需在进入此OP前获取正样本的数量。数据类型为int32。
gamma (int|float) – 用于平衡易分样本和难分样本的超参数，默认值设置为2.0。
alpha (int|float) – 用于平衡正样本和负样本的超参数，默认值设置为0.25。
返回¶
输入x中每个元素的Focal loss，即维度为 \([N, C]\) 的2-D Tensor。
返回类型¶
变量（Variable），数据类型为float32或float64。
代码示例¶
import numpy as np
import paddle.fluid as fluid
num_classes = 10 # exclude background
image_width = 16
image_height = 16
batch_size = 32
max_iter = 20
def gen_train_data():
x_data = np.random.uniform(0, 255, (batch_size, 3, image_height,
image_width)).astype('float64')
label_data = np.random.randint(0, num_classes,
(batch_size, 1)).astype('int32')
return {"x": x_data, "label": label_data}
def get_focal_loss(pred, label, fg_num, num_classes):
pred = fluid.layers.reshape(pred, [-1, num_classes])
label = fluid.layers.reshape(label, [-1, 1])
label.stop_gradient = True
loss = fluid.layers.sigmoid_focal_loss(
pred, label, fg_num, gamma=2.0, alpha=0.25)
loss = fluid.layers.reduce_sum(loss)
return loss
def build_model(mode='train'):
x = fluid.data(name="x", shape=[-1, 3, -1, -1], dtype='float64')
output = fluid.layers.pool2d(input=x, pool_type='avg', global_pooling=True)
output = fluid.layers.fc(
input=output,
size=num_classes,
# Notice: size is set to be the number of target classes (excluding backgorund)
# because sigmoid activation will be done in the sigmoid_focal_loss op.
act=None)
if mode == 'train':
label = fluid.data(name="label", shape=[-1, 1], dtype='int32')
# Obtain the fg_num needed by the sigmoid_focal_loss op:
# 0 in label represents background, >=1 in label represents foreground,
# find the elements in label which are greater or equal than 1, then
# computed the numbers of these elements.
data = fluid.layers.fill_constant(shape=[1], value=1, dtype='int32')
fg_label = fluid.layers.greater_equal(label, data)
fg_label = fluid.layers.cast(fg_label, dtype='int32')
fg_num = fluid.layers.reduce_sum(fg_label)
fg_num.stop_gradient = True
avg_loss = get_focal_loss(output, label, fg_num, num_classes)
return avg_loss
else:
# During evaluating or testing phase,
# output of the final fc layer should be connected to a sigmoid layer.
pred = fluid.layers.sigmoid(output)
return pred
loss = build_model('train')
moment_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.MomentumOptimizer(
learning_rate=0.001, momentum=0.9)
moment_optimizer.minimize(loss)
place = fluid.CPUPlace()
exe = fluid.Executor(place)
exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
for i in range(max_iter):
outs = exe.run(feed=gen_train_data(), fetch_list=[loss.name])
print(outs)